a = "55"
type(a)
str
b = eval(a)
type(b)
int
# Return the max between two numbers
def max(num1, num2):
if num1 > num2:
result = num1
else:
result = num2
return result
def main():
i = 5
j = 2
k = max(i, j) # Call the max function
print("The maximum between", i, "and", j, "is", k)
main() # Call the main function
The maximum between 5 and 2 is 5
# Print grade for the score
def printGrade(score):
if score >= 90.0:
print('A')
elif score >= 80.0:
print('B')
elif score >= 70.0:
print('C')
elif score >= 60.0:
print('D')
else:
print('F')
def main():
score = eval(input("Enter a score: "))
print("The grade is ", end = "")
printGrade(score)
main() # Call the main function
Enter a score: 75 The grade is C
# Return the grade for the score
def getGrade(score):
if score >= 90.0:
return 'A'
elif score >= 80.0:
return 'B'
elif score >= 70.0:
return 'C'
elif score >= 60.0:
return 'D'
else:
return 'F'
def main():
score = eval(input("Enter a score: "))
print("The grade is", getGrade(score))
main() # Call the main function
Enter a score: 65 The grade is D
# Print grade for the score
def printGrade1(score):
if score >= 90.0:
print('A')
elif score >= 80.0:
print('B')
elif score >= 70.0:
print('C')
elif score >= 60.0:
print('D')
else:
print('F')
a = printGrade1(85)
B
print(a)
None
def sum(number1, number2):
total = number1 + number2
print(sum(1, 2))
None
def sum(number1, number2):
total = number1 + number2
return total
print(sum(1, 2))
3
for i in range(1, 6 + 1):
for j in range(6, 0, -1):
print(j if j <= i else " ", end = " ")
print()
1 2 1 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1
def nPrintln(message, n):
for i in range(0, n):
print(message)
nPrintln("Welcome to Python", 5)
Welcome to Python Welcome to Python Welcome to Python Welcome to Python Welcome to Python
nPrintln(5, "Welcome to Python")
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) Input In [16], in <cell line: 1>() ----> 1 nPrintln(5, "Welcome to Python") Input In [14], in nPrintln(message, n) 1 def nPrintln(message, n): ----> 2 for i in range(0, n): 3 print(message) TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer
nPrintln(n = 4, message = "Computer Science")
Computer Science Computer Science Computer Science Computer Science
def my_function(*kids):
print("The youngest child is " + kids[4])
my_function("Emil", "Tobias", "Linus", "Ali", "Veli")
The youngest child is Veli
def my_function(**kid):
print("Department name is " + str(kid["dname"]))
print("His last name is " + str(kid["age"]))
my_function(fname = "Tobias", lname = "Refsnes", age = 20, dname = "Computer Eng.")
Department name is Computer Eng. His last name is 20
y = lambda a,b : a ** b
y(2,3)
8
def main():
x = 1
print("Before the call, x is", x)
increment(x)
print("After the call, x is", x)
def increment(n):
n += 10
print("\tn inside the function is", n)
main() # Call the main function
Before the call, x is 1 n inside the function is 11 After the call, x is 1
# Return the gcd of two integers
def gcd(n1, n2):
gcd = 1 # Initial gcd is 1
k = 2 # Possible gcd
while k <= n1 and k <= n2:
if n1 % k == 0 and n2 % k == 0:
gcd = k # Update gcd
k += 1
return gcd # Return gcd
# Prompt the user to enter two integers
n1 = eval(input("Enter the first integer: "))
n2 = eval(input("Enter the second integer: "))
print("The greatest common divisor for", n1, "and", n2, "is", gcd(n1, n2))
Enter the first integer: 10 Enter the second integer: 15 The greatest common divisor for 10 and 15 is 5
# Convert a decimal to a hex as a string
def decimalToHex(decimalValue):
hex = ""
while decimalValue != 0:
hexValue = decimalValue % 16
hex = toHexChar(hexValue) + hex
decimalValue = decimalValue // 16
return hex
# Convert an integer to a single hex digit in a character
def toHexChar(hexValue):
if 0 <= hexValue <= 9:
return chr(hexValue + ord('0'))
else: # 10 <= hexValue <= 15
return chr(hexValue - 10 + ord('A'))
def main():
# Prompt the user to enter a decimal integer
decimalValue = eval(input("Enter a decimal number: "))
print("The hex number for decimal",
decimalValue, "is", decimalToHex(decimalValue))
main() # Call the main function
Enter a decimal number: 29 The hex number for decimal 29 is 1D
#12 = 1 * 10 + 2 * 1
#536 --> 5 * 100 + 3 * 10 + 6 * 1
5 * (10**2) + 3 * (10 ** 1) + 6 * (10**0)
536
2 * (16 ** 1) + 14 * (16 ** 0) # 2E
46
4 * (16 ** 2) + 0 * (16 ** 1) + 1 * (16**0) # 401 in hexadecimal
1025
1 * 16 + 9 # 25 in decimal and 19 in hexadecimal
25
25 % 16
9
25 // 16
1
chr(15 - 10 + ord('A'))
'F'
ord("A") + 2
67
ord("C")
67
for i in range(5):
print(i)
0 1 2 3 4
for i in range(5,10):
print(i)
5 6 7 8 9
for i in range(5,20,3):
print(i)
5 8 11 14 17
# print ("Compoted sin(" + str(x) + ")", sum, "math.sin(" + str(math.sin(x)) + "Difference =", sum - math.six(x))
globalVar = 1
def f1():
localVar = 2
print(globalVar)
print(localVar)
f1()
print(globalVar)
print(localVar)
1 2 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- NameError Traceback (most recent call last) Input In [68], in <cell line: 10>() 8 f1() 9 print(globalVar) ---> 10 print(localVar) NameError: name 'localVar' is not defined
x = 1
y = 5
def f1():
x = 2
y = 10
print(x) # Displays 2
print(y)
f1()
print(x) # Displays 1
2 10 1
x = eval(input("Enter a number: "))
if (x > 0):
h = 4
print(h) # This gives an error if y is not created
Enter a number: -11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- NameError Traceback (most recent call last) Input In [73], in <cell line: 4>() 2 if (x > 0): 3 h = 4 ----> 4 print(h) NameError: name 'h' is not defined
x = 1
def increase():
global x
x = x + 1
print(x) # Displays 2
increase()
print(x) # Displays 2
2 2
def printArea(width = 1, height = 2):
area = width * height
print("width:", width, "\theight:", height, "\tarea:", area)
printArea() # Default arguments width = 1 and height = 2
printArea(4, 2.5) # Positional arguments width = 4 and height = 2.5
printArea(height = 5, width = 3) # Keyword arguments width
printArea(width = 1.2) # Default height = 2
printArea(height = 6.2) # Default widht = 1
width: 1 height: 2 area: 2 width: 4 height: 2.5 area: 10.0 width: 3 height: 5 area: 15 width: 1.2 height: 2 area: 2.4 width: 1 height: 6.2 area: 6.2
def sort(number1, number2):
if number1 < number2:
return number1, number2
else:
return number2, number1
n1, n2 = sort(2, 3)
print("n1 is", n1)
print("n2 is", n2)
n1 is 2 n2 is 3
from random import randint # import randint
# Generate a random character between ch1 and ch2
def getRandomCharacter(ch1, ch2):
return chr(randint(ord(ch1), ord(ch2)))
# Generate a random lowercase letter
def getRandomLowerCaseLetter():
return getRandomCharacter('a', 'z')
# Generate a random uppercase letter
def getRandomUpperCaseLetter():
return getRandomCharacter('A', 'Z')
# Generate a random digit character
def getRandomDigitCharacter():
return getRandomCharacter('0', '9')
# Generate a random character
def getRandomASCIICharacter():
return getRandomCharacter(chr(0), chr(127))
#import RandomCharacter
NUMBER_OF_CHARS = 175 # Number of characters to generate
CHARS_PER_LINE = 25 # Number of characters to display per line
# Print random characters between 'a' and 'z', 25 chars per line
for i in range(NUMBER_OF_CHARS):
print(getRandomLowerCaseLetter(), end = "")
if (i + 1) % CHARS_PER_LINE == 0:
print() # Jump to the new line
kfukhlfsmajhnbgjanqosnzyz kalgylgvydsjbpjgvphovwzcl yfncztwezlsddmajhuquyjilb spmflogadfppbiyclisffkpct uctkdqbahrggjlngjbjdfkydh tgwwzjoywrkqvvainvikzxugm ciiadziojpfluhtcmvscnyhkh
ord("a")
97
ord("z")
122
chr(100)
'd'
import math
math.sin(3)
0.1411200080598672
math.sin(math.pi/2)
1.0
# Print the calendar for a month in a year
def printMonth(year, month):
# Print the headings of the calendar
printMonthTitle(year, month)
# Print the body of the calendar
printMonthBody(year, month)
# Print the month title, e.g., May, 1999
def printMonthTitle(year, month):
print(" ", getMonthName(month), " ", year)
print("-----------------------------")
print(" Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat")
# Print month body
def printMonthBody(year, month):
# Get start day of the week for the first date in the month
startDay = getStartDay(year, month)
# Get number of days in the month
numberOfDaysInMonth = getNumberOfDaysInMonth(year, month)
# Pad space before the first day of the month
i = 0
for i in range(startDay):
print(" ", end = "")
for i in range(1, numberOfDaysInMonth + 1):
print(format(i, '4d'), end = "")
if (i + startDay) % 7 == 0:
print() # Jump to the new line
# Get the English name for the month
def getMonthName(month):
if month == 1:
monthName = "January"
elif month == 2:
monthName = "February"
elif month == 3:
monthName = "March"
elif month == 4:
monthName = "April"
elif month == 5:
monthName = "May"
elif month == 6:
monthName = "June"
elif month == 7:
monthName = "July"
elif month == 8:
monthName = "August"
elif month == 9:
monthName = "September"
elif month == 10:
monthName = "October"
elif month == 11:
monthName = "November"
else:
monthName = "December"
return monthName
# Get the start day of month/1/year
def getStartDay(year, month):
START_DAY_FOR_JAN_1_1800 = 3
# Get total number of days from 1/1/1800 to month/1/year
totalNumberOfDays = getTotalNumberOfDays(year, month)
# Return the start day for month/1/year
return (totalNumberOfDays + START_DAY_FOR_JAN_1_1800) % 7
# Get the total number of days since January 1, 1800
def getTotalNumberOfDays(year, month):
total = 0
# Get the total days from 1800 to 1/1/year
for i in range(1800, year):
if isLeapYear(i):
total = total + 366
else:
total = total + 365
# Add days from Jan to the month prior to the calendar month
for i in range(1, month):
total = total + getNumberOfDaysInMonth(year, i)
return total
# Get the number of days in a month
def getNumberOfDaysInMonth(year, month):
if (month == 1 or month == 3 or month == 5 or month == 7 or
month == 8 or month == 10 or month == 12):
return 31
if month == 4 or month == 6 or month == 9 or month == 11:
return 30
if month == 2:
return 29 if isLeapYear(year) else 28
return 0 # If month is incorrect
# Determine if it is a leap year
def isLeapYear(year):
return year % 400 == 0 or (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0)
def main():
# Prompt the user to enter year and month
year = eval(input("Enter full year (e.g., 2001): "))
month = eval(input(("Enter month as number between 1 and 12: ")))
# Print calendar for the month of the year
printMonth(year, month)
main() # Call the main function
Enter full year (e.g., 2001): 2022 Enter month as number between 1 and 12: 12 December 2022 ----------------------------- Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
import turtle
# Draw a line from (x1, y1) to (x2, y2)
def drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2):
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x1, y1)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.goto(x2, y2)
# Write a text at the specified location (x, y)
def writeText(s, x, y):
turtle.penup() # Pull the pen up
turtle.goto(x, y)
turtle.pendown() # Pull the pen down
turtle.write(s) # Write a string
# Draw a point at the specified location (x, y)
def drawPoint(x, y):
turtle.penup() # Pull the pen up
turtle.goto(x, y)
turtle.pendown() # Pull the pen down
turtle.begin_fill() # Begin to fill color in a shape
turtle.circle(3)
turtle.end_fill() # Fill the shape
# Draw a circle at centered at (x, y) with the specified radius
def drawCircle(x, y, radius):
turtle.penup() # Pull the pen up
turtle.goto(x, y - radius)
turtle.pendown() # Pull the pen down
turtle.circle(radius)
# Draw a rectangle at (x, y) with the specified width and height
def drawRectangle(x, y, width, height):
turtle.penup() # Pull the pen up
turtle.goto(x + width / 2, y + height / 2)
turtle.pendown() # Pull the pen down
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(height)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(width)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(height)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(width)
import turtle
# from UsefulTurtleFunctions import *
# Draw a line from (-50, -50) to (50, 50)
drawLine(-50, -50, 50, 50)
# Write a text at (-50, -60)
writeText("Testing useful Turtle functions", -50, -60)
# Draw a point at (0, 0)
drawPoint(0, 0)
# Draw a circle at (0, 0) with radius 80
drawCircle(0, 0, 80)
# Draw a rectangle at (0, 0) with width 60 and height 40
drawRectangle(0, 0, 60, 40)
turtle.hideturtle()
turtle.done()
a = "4"
b = "4.8"
c = "5 + 5.3 + 1"
eval(a)
4
eval(b)
4.8
eval(c)
11.3
int(a)
4
int(b)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ValueError Traceback (most recent call last) Input In [105], in <cell line: 1>() ----> 1 int(b) ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '4.8'
float(b)
4.8